The City Beautiful Movement

You mentioned the City Beautiful Movement several times in class and I didn't know what you were talking about so I read an article about it by Jon A. Peterson.
In this article, he argues that CBM was not only about classical Renaissance architecture or urban design. It wasn't merely a response to the ugly industrial city. It was "a complex cultural movement involving more that building arts and urban design". It introduced three concepts that are now essential to people who are trying to reconstruct it: municipal art, civic improvement and outdoor art. I think municipal art refers to art sponsored and set apart to be done by the city. One example would be the Trinity church project in NY. Civic engagement is community action or citizens action to alleviate a social concern...in this case how the city looked. Outdoor art is the same thing that we know of today as public art. The city beautiful movement he claims is the origin of public art.

Megacities and social networking sites

So I was looking at videos about megacities and new york city. Underneath a video in one of the comments was the following:

Top-Notch112 wrote: MEGACITIES: NEW YORK PART 3 OF 3 A Megacity is usually defined as a recognized metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people. Some definitions also set a minimum level for population density (at least 2,000 persons/square km). A megacity can be a single metropolitan area or two or more metropolitan areas that converge upon one another. The term metacity is also sometimes used to describe cities with more than 20 million people. In 1800 only 3% of the world's population lived in cities. By the 20th century's close, 47% did so. In 1950, there were 83 cities with populations exceeding one million; but by 2007, this had risen to 468 agglomerations of more than one million. If the trend continues, the world's urban population will double every 38 years, say researchers. The UN forecasts that today's urban population of 3.2 billion will rise to nearly 5 billion by 2030, when three out of five people will live in cities. The increase will be most dramatic in the poorest and least-urbanised continents, Asia and Africa. Surveys and projections indicate that all urban growth over the next 25 years will be in developing countries. One billion people, one-sixth of the world's population, now live in shanty towns, which are seen as "breeding grounds" for social problems such as crime, drug addiction, alcoholism, poverty and unemployment. In many poor countries overpopulated slums exhibit high rates of disease due to unsanitary conditions, malnutrition, and lack of basic health care. By 2030, over 2 billion people in the world will be living in slums. Already over 90% of the urban population of Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda, three of the world's most rural countries, live in slums. In 2000, there were 18 megacities -Cut off

I thought his impassioned video comment about megacities and slums could be an urban artifact because it is about urban geography topics and two because blogging and social networking sites should be a sign of urbanization. The fact that we can sit at our computers and rant for long periods of time on a certain topic and be connected to the global community is amazing.
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A unique African City

In class we discussed the 6 types of african cities.
The indigenous (native) cities
• The Islamic city
• The colonial (administrative) city
• The “European” city
• The dual city
• The hybrid city
South Africa doesn't fit into any of these categories but it starts its own category: the apartheid city. In G Saff's article from International Journal of Urban and Regional Research called The Changing Face of the South African City: From Urban Apartheid to the Deracialization of Space. He talks about how South Africa's urban space and land use was based on racial segregation and apartheid. He says that although the city is changing the basic legacy of apartheid still remains. Although, spatial changes are being made to de-segregate there are still problems with the urban poor. And the urban poor traditionally seem to be black. He differentiates between the urbanization of the blacks and the urbanization that is going on throughout the city.

Shadow Cities

I picked up this book after hearing about it in class. Aside from it being an amazing book with incredible stories. It is about the creation of slums, life in slums and how he thinks they are the cities of tommorow. In class, we talked about how less developed countries are plagued by massive slums. We talked about political instability, and the rising expectation of social change. The above video I found after searching for the book and I thought I might share it.

Informal economies

Something I have noticed in New York City is that we have alot of thriving informal economies. The one that is most prolific in New York City seems to be that of sex work. Before Craigslist shut down its adult ads sextion, New York City was the leading city in posting and answering those ads.It's crazy. A friend of mine posted an S/M ad and received 206 replies in one hour. Something I have observed myself is the Christopher Street Pier being used as a trans-gendered prostitution track. The traffic that goes through there is amazing. How does this tie back to urban concepts? These are the people we aim to kick out when we launch initiatives and revitalization efforts. Christopher Street Pier is a gentrified neighborhood where you can only find people of color or different sexual orientations after 9pm. This used to the pinnacle of the gay community now reduced to lofts and people walking their dogs.

How public is public space?

Public space is supposed to be accessible and open for all people. It contains parks and public libraries etc. The spaces in New York that are public space are problematic. Either they are closed off and barricaded for fear of terrorism or other problems exist. For example: New York University rents out Washington Square Park every year for graduation. During the week of graduation, the park is closed off to basically anyone who cannot produce an NYU identification card. Also, I was thrown out Washington Square Park twice. Once, because Will Smith rented the park to film a movie. Second, because our event "Rock da mic" supposedly violated the noise ordinance. The parks in New York also close at weird times. For the city that never sleeps, you have to leave Christopher Street Pier by midnight unless you would like a police escort. How public is public space if I can't rap on the mic,and can't walk through the park at any time?

Union Station

The Union Station redevelopment comprises of the historic station and the land immediately north of the station to Wewatta Street, as well as along the 17th Street Promenade and the Light Rail station next to the CML tracks. It is an example of urban infill. Urban infill is the usage of land that currently was not in use. Union Station is currently being expanded.

Belmar

I live walking distance from the Belmar Mall in Lakewood, CO. It is an example of mixed- land use. There are lofts, entertainment and even some mixed-income housing along its periphery. Everything you need is within walking distance from it. There is a post-office and a grocery store. However, it is very centered towards certain kinds of people. The stores cater to certain people. For example: Whole foods and Coldwater Creek are not stores that cater to the masses. It is also automobile centric. The 3 bus stops running at 11:30pm which is unfortunate if you get out of work at 1am. It is what is known as a town center and an example of retrofitting suburbia. Lakewood is a suburb.

Interview

Todd: Now, Mike, you lived in New York City. That's really, really cool. I think New York's a fantastic city. I've never lived there, but I visited New York many times. What was it like living in New York City?

Mike: Uh, like you said, there's a lot of cool things to do and see in New York. One big difference, when you’re living there, compared to when you’re visiting there, is that you start to feel like a New Yorker does, and it changes your sort of view point of the city and things to do there. Within the city, there's a lot of different, interesting places, and things to do, and of course, when you live there, you find out about more places that you normally wouldn't, either wouldn't know about or wouldn't have time to see if you were just visiting for a few days.

Todd: What did you do in New York city?

Mike: Well, I was there during the height of the internet boom, so I was working for an internet based company that was doing broadband web casting.I won't go into details, but there was just an internet related company, and so I lived in Midtown Manhattan in an expensive apartment, with a few friends and it...

Todd: Oh, you had roommates?

Mike: Yes, I had three roommates, none of whom were from New York, which is very common in New York, I think. It's a city of people who come from elsewhere to live in and the people from New York tend to, I think, sound and act a bit differently than the rest.

Todd: What was your favorite part of New York City?

Mike: Well, as you may know, New York is divided into several sectors, and I'll stick to Manhattan though, one of the main boroughs in New York is Manhattan. In that borough, it's divided into several sections, several areas. One of my favorite was Greenwich Village, and in that area there's a lot of interesting clubs and bars and right next to there, in another area called the Bowery, which is right next to Greenwich Village there are some sort of old icons and places that I'd known from back in the seventies, that were sort of where Punk Rock started, for example, ah, those kind of places, were there.

Todd: You like Punk music?

Mike: Yeah, I do. I'm a big fan. Old guy that I am. Yes.

Todd: Oh, that's cool. Um, could you ever live in New York City again?

Mike: Absolutely. I would live in New York, but, again it's an expensive city to live in and I think it's a very competitive city, and, yeah, if I had, if I had the opportunity I'd definitely live there again. I wouldn't settle in New York, but I'd definitely live there for awhile.

Todd: Oh, cool. Thanks, Mike.

Retrieved from http://www.elllo.org/english/0401/417-Mike-NewYork.htm

This interview is an example of the qualitative method of research. If all you did was take a bunch of interviews you might get a very specific non generalizable biased opinion, several of them. Based on this interview, New York City is an awesome place to live. If you were to ask me, I would have a differing opinion. How is that scientific?

LIving just enough for the city

I was listening to a Stevie wonder song called "Living just enough for the city". It reminded me of the article that mentioned the psychosis of living in the city. This song talks about living in the city in terms of crime, psychosis, lack of education and survival. It was written in the 60's in a hateful time of racial tension and mistrust. A racial tension and mistrust still exists very much in certain cities today.

The phenomena of public art

These are pictures I took while wandering in downtown Grand Juction. I also have pictures from downtown New York and Denver. What it is about downtown that screams public art? In class, We discussed how certain areas used to contain the jobs and the Central Business District. Then with de-industrialization jobs moved out further along the fringes. Then we talked about the revival of downtown. I feel like public art is part of this movement to make the city more appealing to people.

Levittown

This is an aerial view of the creation in one of the "Levittowns". The reading fascinated me about how it was influenced by all these factors: how it influenced how houses were built technologically and specialization as well as its effect on racial tensions. It is an example of the suburbanization of America. Therefore is an urban artifact just built in contrast to the main city as well as being part of the creation of suburbs on outskirts of cities.

Ur

This is a map of Ur, one of the early cities that developed along the rivers. I came upon it last year in History class. This city seems to go with Kotkin's theory of sacred-safe-busy. Sacred because it was so important that Kings were named after divinities. Safe because the most powerful kings had standing armies. Busy because of the population increases.

Every ghetto, every city

These are the lyrics to a Lauren Hill song. I was listening to one of my Cd's and I thought this is her definition of a city. Her description of a city is socio-economic. She names specific streets, what people wear, the food she ate, and the culture of the neighborhood. She also seems to be comparing the suburbs to a biblical place known as the "new Jerusalem".

Entry Level
In Brooklyn, Her Farmer’s Heart Is Happy
By JENNIFER 8. LEE
Published: November 16, 2009

Kristen Schafenacker, 26, has the rare title of New York City farmer. Born in Fort Wayne, Ind., she attended Mount Holyoke College, where her devotion to food took root, and is now the senior farm assistant at Added Value, an urban farm located opposite the Ikea in Red Hook, Brooklyn.

Kristen Schafenacker, 26, is the senior farm assistant at Added Value, an urban farm located opposite the Ikea in Red Hook, Brooklyn.

Foodie to farmer: I got really into food and community in college. I decided to try, on the side, to study farming while in college. I ended up doing an independent study with another student where we tried to get a community garden in the college. We got really passionate about food justice, and I decided when I graduated, I was going to get my hands dirty and try to farm. I ended up finding myself working for Overlook Farm, which is Heifer International’s educational center, and I loved it.

On her quarter-life crisis in Boston: I was an assistant manager of a bakery. I knew it wasn’t what I wanted to be doing, and I missed farming. I wanted to find a city with jobs, and I wanted the job to be with food. I had been in New York City quite often when I was a teenager. I decided to move to Brooklyn.

How did you find out about the Added Value position? My own boss at Heifer International forwarded it to me from some mailing list she found. It seemed like a dream job. They actually paid you somewhat of a living wage. I was like: “Yes! Of course! This exists?” I applied for the job, and I got it. I was really surprised.

How big is the farm? The farm is one full growing acre. It is a large urban farm, which makes it a very small, small farm. It’s grown on top of an old football and baseball field.

On cocktail parties: I love telling people I farm when I’m with people who don’t know about urban farming. I will usually say: “I’m a farmer. In Brooklyn." It’s usually two responses: “That’s awesome.” “Do you get paid?”

The commute: I live in Windsor Terrace. I bike here downhill. I bike home uphill. Coming here, 10 minutes. Going back home, 20.

Division of labor: I tend to be the go-to person for what is happening on the farm. I manage the back end of it: the planning, the record keeping, the farm plan. On a regular basis there are five people. Pretty much two full-time staff, and the rest are the part time.

What’s the harvest like? Red Hook is a mix of young artists, a healthy amount of people from the South and a lot of people from Puerto Rico. I think of the food they want to grow, and hopefully they come and buy it. That’s why we have collard greens. What don’t we grow? I can say we don’t grow anything that is sprawling because we don’t have the space, squashes. We don’t grow corn. We do grow tomatoes, peppers, greens, root crops, beans. We do have a little bit of winter squash. We grow herbs and we grow eggplant and we grow bitter melon. I’d love to grow more okra. Next year I’d love to focus even more on Caribbean-familiar foods.

On farming in the city: Sometimes I almost feel like I’m in another planet when I’m in this space. You can stick your head in between a bed of collards that are tall and not realize that you are next to a bus parking lot and Ikea.

This is a New York Times article. In class, we talked about a push to "green" or to local farming. I thought about all the community gardens we have in NY. I found this article about urban farming on the internet. It also talks about the demographics of Red Hook, where the farm is and commuting which are also things we talked about in class. I just find it interesting that you can find a farm across from Ikea.

Postcard

This is a post card of the view of the front range between Iliff School of Theology and DU's University Hall in 1890's. I came upon it in the DU Bookstore. In class, we discussed changes that occur in the city. I would consider this postcard evidence of social change due to the creation of a university campus. Demographic change: incurring influx of college aged students. Environmental change: buildings where there was just nature. Even economic change: surrounding area and businesses cater to DU students.

Effects of Deindustrialization

This is a video that shows the Urban prairie and decaying parts of Detroit. Places that were once thriving that are reduced to just lots. Also, there are crows gathering who are advocating to tear these buildings down "for the environment". I came upon this video after watching a case study of detroit from infowars on youtube it popped up as a link. This is all direct result of changing from industry/food processing to information processing. And now we are moving towards something else where we are just outsourcing most of our jobs and businesses even information processing to other countries. I think that this will also change the urban landscape.

Cornerstores

I have above a picture of a corner store in Brooklyn. What fascinated me the most when I went to visit other areas in the United States was that there weren't many corner stores. We have one on every single corner of a block where I'm from. I believe corner stores are directly linked to the decentralization of retail. We don't find supermarkets in certain areas. Corner Stores are trying to fill the need of not having a supermarket. You can buy things like deodorant and fried chicken. The one critique is that there isn't much variety in food and produce.

Race vs Space

I would like to highlight a paper called Italian American Urban Landscapes
Images of Social and Cultural Capital by Jerome Krase. I was thinking about the argument of space versus race in Kasarda's article so I googled it.Kasarda talks about race.He asks questions like why it takes some races longer to leave blighted areas than others. He delves specifically in why black people seem stuck in these neighborhoods. This article interests me because it specifically references my neighborhood of Canarsie, Brooklyn. He also is more interested in space than race. He talks of this new concept known as "spatial semiotics" which I find fascinating. His definition: "spatial semeiotics studies the metropolis as a meaningful environment".

Bye, Bye Boettcher!

As I was walking through the Driscoll Student Center I saw an issue of the University of Denver Community News with the cover article being titled Bye, bye Boettcher!. I think its significant because in class we talked about land use and the concept of a city as a built up area. We are moving towards the city not being as built up and being more green-quite literally actually. We also talked about old architecture versus modern architecture- from uniform buildings to more random structures. Its also fascinating because a group of preservationist from Historic Denver are vexed about the demolition because they consider Boettcher : a landmark structure, citing its midcentury Formalist architecture...

Introduction

Hi
My name is Sarah. I am a student at the University of Denver. This blog is under the inspiration of a class I have called Urban Landscapes. This is the part of syllabus called "Urban Artifact Journal" which is supposed to be my observations about the world around me. They may include: articles, maps, pictures, pop culture and things observed in daily life. " describe the item, how you came up with it and relate the significance or meaning of the artifact back to urban concepts". I tried to do this in the form of a physical notebook but after 6 artifacts I found it more conducive to online format than physical notebook. This means that the posts will be somewhat out of the order I intended.