You mentioned the City Beautiful Movement several times in class and I didn't know what you were talking about so I read an article about it by Jon A. Peterson.
In this article, he argues that CBM was not only about classical Renaissance architecture or urban design. It wasn't merely a response to the ugly industrial city. It was "a complex cultural movement involving more that building arts and urban design". It introduced three concepts that are now essential to people who are trying to reconstruct it: municipal art, civic improvement and outdoor art. I think municipal art refers to art sponsored and set apart to be done by the city. One example would be the Trinity church project in NY. Civic engagement is community action or citizens action to alleviate a social concern...in this case how the city looked. Outdoor art is the same thing that we know of today as public art. The city beautiful movement he claims is the origin of public art.
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